Risk modules

Risk metrics compare exposure and hazard characterisation. When both are defined by single values, risk metrics - such as the traditional risk characterisation ratio (hazard/exposure) or hazard quotient (exposure/hazard) - can be calculated via the Single value risks module. For more complex analyses, the Risks module enables probabilistic calculations. In both modules a threshold can be set to assist in interpretation. The threshold value should align with the assessment factors used, for instance a MOE threshold of 100 (or HI = 0.01) is common when no assessment factors are present, while a threshold of 1 is appropriate if assessment factors have already been integrated to address relevant uncertainties.

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Figure 114 Risks module.

The environmental burden of disease (EBD) quantifies the amount of mortality and morbidity (illness) within a population that is attributable to environmental risk factors, such as air pollution, poor water quality, or chemical exposures. It measures the health impact of modifiable, non-genetic factors, enabling policymakers to prioritize prevention, with measurements often expressed in Deaths, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY s), Cases (the number of specific, attributable health outcomes or illness). On the basis of EBD studies it is also possible to estimate the level of health-related Costs (medical expense for treatment, loss of productivity or, in general, economic impact).

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Figure 115 Environmental burden of disease module.