Foods data formats

Foods

Foods are of interest in (dietary) consumption assessments and the sources of exposure within expore assessments. The foods table is the main table of the food definitions. Relevant food related data, such as processing types, additional properties (e.g., unit weight, large portion consumption amounts, and brand loyalty), facets, and hierarchies, can be described in the food properties, food hierarchies, and faces and facet descriptors tables.

Foods

Each food is identified by a unique code (idFood) in a code system of choice, a name, and a description. In the EuroMix data collection, FoodEx1 codes are used for both foods in consumption surveys (foods-as-eaten) and for raw agricultural commodities (foods-as-measured). Example: ‘A.19.01.002.002’ is pizza and pizza-like pies, cheese, and vegetables and ‘A.01.02.001’ is wheat grain. Food codes can have a hierarchical structure (as in the FoodEx1 and FoodEx2 coding systems), using ‘.’ or ‘$’ as separator between adjacent hierarchical levels, e.g. ‘A.05’ is fruits and fruit products, ‘A.05.01’ is citrus fruits, and ‘A.05.01.001’ is grapefruit (citrus paradisi). Additional forms of foods, such as foods in processed form, can be specified via food facets according to the FoodEx2 system of EFSA.

Table aliases: Foods, Food.

Table 3 Table definition for Foods.

Name	Type	Description	Aliases	Required
idFood	AlphaNumeric(50)	The unique identification code of the food.	idFood, Code, FoodId, FoodCode, Food, Id	Yes
Name	AlphaNumeric(100)	The name of the food.	Name, FoodName, Name1, FoodName1	No
Description	AlphaNumeric(200)	Food description.	Description	No

Food properties

Additional food properties, such as unit weight and portion sizes can be attached using the food properties table.

Table aliases: FoodProperties, FoodProperty.

Table 4 Table definition for FoodProperties.

Name	Type	Description	Aliases	Required
idFood	AlphaNumeric(50)	The code of the food to which the property is attached. The provided food code should match with a code of the foods table.	idFood, FoodId, Food, FoodCode, Code	Yes
UnitWeight	Numeric	The nominal weight of a unit (dependent of the unit of consumption in g (default) or kg). Unit weights are relevant for foods-as-measured in the context of unit variability modelling.	UnitWeight	No
BrandLoyalty	Numeric	A parameter used in brand loyalty modelling, where 0 (default) specifies no brand loyalty (on each eating occasion a random selection of the next lower level in the hierarchy of food codes), and 1 specifies absolute brand loyalty (on subsequent eating occasions the same selection of the next lower level in the hierarchy of food codes).	BrandLoyalty	No
LargePortion	Numeric	Population (1 - 97 years): weight of a large portion (dependent of the unit of consumption in g (default) or kg). Used in deterministic modelling of exposure as in the IESTI equation.	LargePortion, LargePortionPopulation, LargePortionGeneralPopulation	No
LargePortionBabies	Numeric	Babies (8 - 20 months): weight of a large portion (dependent of the unit of consumption in g (default) or kg). Used in deterministic modelling of exposure as in the IESTI equation.	LargePortionBabies	No
LargePortionChildren	Numeric	Children (2 - 6 years) weight of a large portion (dependent of the unit of consumption in g (default) or kg). Used in deterministic modelling of exposure as in the IESTI equation.	LargePortionChildren	No

Food hierarchies

Food items are commonly categorised in hierarchies, e.g. oranges and mandarins are citrus fruits. For example FoodEx is a food description and food classification (FDFC) system consisting of a large number of individual food items aggregated into food groups and broader food categories in a hierarchical structure of parent-child relationships.

Table aliases: FoodHierarchies, FoodHierarchy, FoodsHierarchy.

Table 5 Table definition for FoodHierarchies.

Name	Type	Description	Aliases	Required
idFood	AlphaNumeric(50)	Food node.	idFood, FoodId, Food, Code	Yes
idParent	AlphaNumeric(50)	Parent node of the food.	idParent, ParentId, Parent, ParentCode	Yes

Facets

Fode codes can be linked to facets, as e.g. in FoodEx.

Table aliases: Facets, Facet, FoodFacets, FoodFacet.

Table 6 Table definition for Facets.

Name	Type	Description	Aliases	Required
idFacet	AlphaNumeric(5)	The food code of the food to which the facet is attached.	idFacet, Code, Id, FacetCode, FacetId	Yes
Name	AlphaNumeric(200)	Facet name	Name, FacetName	Yes

Facet descriptors

Table aliases: FacetDescriptors, FacetDescriptor, FoodFacetDescriptors, FoodFacetDescriptor.

Table 7 Table definition for FacetDescriptors.

Name	Type	Description	Aliases	Required
idFacetDescriptor	AlphaNumeric(5)	The identification code of the facet descriptor.	idFacetDescriptor, Code, Id, FacetCode, FacetId	Yes
Name	AlphaNumeric(200)	The name of the facet descriptor.	Name, FacetDescriptorName	Yes

Processing types

Table aliases: ProcessingTypes, ProcessingType.

Table 8 Table definition for ProcessingTypes.

Name	Type	Description	Aliases	Required
idProcessingType	AlphaNumeric(50)	The unique identification code of the processing type.	idProcessingType, ProcessingTypeId, ProcType, Id	Yes
Name	AlphaNumeric(100)	The processing name.	ProcName, Name	No
Description	AlphaNumeric(200)	The processing type description.	Description	No
DistributionType	AlphaNumeric	The distribution type. Simulated processing factors are restricted to the interval (0,1) using a logistic-normal distribution (= 1) or simulated processing factors are restricted to positive values using a log-normal distribution (= 2).	DistributionType, DistType	Yes
BulkingBlending	AlphaNumeric(10)	For types of processing applied on large batches e.g. juicing, sauce/puree. No bulking/blending = 0, bulking blending = 1.	BulkingBlending, BulkBlending	Yes